![]() Numbers of consecutive NN intervals that differ more than 50ms. An increase indicates a parasympathetic activation It is more accurate when calculated over 24h. It is highly correlated with ULF, VLF and LF. , summarises the autonomic markers’ interpretation. Indeed, several tools and metrics have been developed and used to assess the ANS function. Measuring the ANS within such complexity is challenging. Several nuclei regulate ANS along the neuraxis, which reacts effectively to many internal (interoceptive) and external (exteroceptive) stimuli. These components respond differently depending on the stressors and the pathophysiological states. ![]() It is classically differentiated between Sympathetic (SNS), Parasympathetic (PNS), and Enteric branches but from a physiological and neurochemical point of view has five components: the sympathetic noradrenergic system, the sympathetic cholinergic system, the parasympathetic cholinergic system, the sympathetic adrenergic system and the enteric nervous system. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a system that works involuntarily, maintaining the body’s internal environment (homeostasis). ![]()
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